The relationship between nature and culture has become a popular focus in social science, but there have been few grounded accounts of trees. Providing shelter, fuel, food and tools, trees have played a vital role in human life from the earliest times, but their role in symbolic expression has been largely overlooked. For example, trees are often used to express nationalistic feelings. Germans drew heavily on tree and forest imagery in nation-building, and the idea of 'hearts of oak' has been central to concepts of English identity. Classic scenes of ghoulish trees coming to life and forests closing in on unsuspecting passers-by commonly feature in the media. In other instances, trees are used to represent paradisical landscapes and symbolize the ideologies of conservation and concern for nature. Offering new theoretical ideas, this book looks at trees as agents that co-constitute places and cultures in relationship with human agency. What happens when trees connect with human labour, technology, retail and consumption systems? What are the ethical dimensions of these connections? The authors discuss how trees can affect and even define notions of place, and the ways that particular places are recognized culturally. Working trees, companion trees, wild trees and collected or conserved trees are considered in relation to the dynamic politics of conservation and development that affect the values given to trees in the contemporary world. Building on the growing field of landscape study, this book offers rich insights into the symbolic and practical roles of trees. It will be vital reading for anyone interested in the anthropology of landscape, forestry, conservation and development, and for those concerned with the social science of nature.

'a very satisfying and timely analysis of many of the issues that cultural geographers need to confront in understanding and penetrating the cross-cutting relations between society and nature...Tree Cultures is a valuable book. It is helpful in being a very useful reader for many relevant issues, and it has the real value of being very lucidly written. The arguments are precisely and elegantly stated, and the style is clear, concise and informative. There has been much care taken over the writing of this book, and much thought in the assembling of its ideas and concerns, in formulating some coherent thinking in breaking down the redundant barriers between the natural world and us.'Richard Tipping, University of Stirling

Paul Cloke Professor of Geography,University of Bristol Owain Jones Research Fellow, School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol