During the past ten years, technology has been progressing at a rapid pace in the field of medical science, and there have been great improvements in the basic understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of hydrocephalus. The present volume contains the proceedings of the International Symposium on "Hydrocephalus" that was held in Kobe, Japan, from November 12-14, 1990. The purpose of the symposium was to highlight the recent advances in this field and to provide a unique opportunity for exchange of basic and clinical knowledge among experts in this field. During the symposium, 84 papers were presented by 240 contributors from 14 countries. This volume is a compre­ hensive description of the current knowledge in this area, and it may help to define what is known and to find new strategies to understand the patho­ genesis, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of the hydrocephalic process. The editors take great pleasure in expressing their thanks to the contributors for their participation and cooperation, and to Springer Verlag for personal and technical assistance in publishing the proceedings. We sincerely hope that this volume will contribute to improving the treat­ ment for hydrocephalus. August 1991 The Editors V Contents Preface.......................................................... V List of Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . XV . . . . . . . . . . . . . Special Exhibition 1 Hydrocephalus: Historical Review H. Sato and S. Matsumoto. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 . . . . . . . . . . .