A groundbreaking study of jinn doppelgangers and the problem of evil in Akbarian Sufism.

Ghouls, ifrits, and a panoply of other jinn have long haunted Muslim cultures and societies. These also include jinn doppelgangers (qarīn, pl. quranāʾ), the little-studied and much-feared denizens of the hearts and blood of humans. This book seeks out jinn doppelgangers in the Islamic normative tradition, philosophy, folklore, and Sufi literature, with special emphasis on Akbarian Sufism.

Muḥyī al-Dīn Ibn ʿArabī (d. 1240) wrote on jinn in substantial detail, uncovering the physiognomy, culture, and behavior of this unseen species. Akbarians believed that the good God assigned each human with an evil doppelganger. Ibn ʿArabī’s reasoning as to why this was the case mirrors his attempts to expound the problem of evil in Islamic religious philosophy. No other Sufi, Ibn ʿArabī claimed, ever managed to get to the heart of this matter before him. As well as offering the reader knowledge and safety from evil, Ibn ʿArabī’s writings on jinnealogy tackle the even larger issues of spiritual ascension, predestination, and the human relationship to the Divine.

"…Bedeviled provides a rich, engaging work that illuminates the diversity of thought and practices surrounding jinn within and beyond Akbarian Sufism in the medieval Islamicate world." — Journal of the Muhyiddin Ibn ʿArabi Society

"Rašić's study of jinn doppelgangers is a wonderful contribution to specialists in Islamic studies, who now have a comprehensive account of this matter and the discussions around it at hand. At the same time, the book can also be of great interest to a wider audience who, through its clear prose and detailed explanations, can approach the richness of Islamic cosmology and the complexity of Sufi theologies without much background knowledge." — Nidān

"This is the first solid treatment in English of Jinn in Akbarian Sufism, which is the least studied aspect of Ibn ʿArabī’s teachings. Rašić has a firm grasp of Ibn ʿArabī and articulates his recondite teachings in clear and simple language without compromising the nuances of his ideas." — Mukhtar H. Ali, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign

Dunja Rašić is a researcher at the University of Religions and Denominations, in Qom, Iran. She is the author of The Written World of God: The Cosmic Script and the Art of Ibn ʿArabī.