Alexander Baumgarten’s Ethica Philosophica (1740) served as a chief textbook of philosophical instruction in German universities for several decades, and was used by Immanuel Kant for his lectures on moral philosophy between 1759 and 1794. Now translated into English for the first time, John Hymers explores the extent of Baumgarten's influence on the development of German philosophy.

Accompanied by an introduction to Baumgarten and his work, this translation features an explanation of the main themes of the Ethica Philosophica, touching upon its relation to Christian Wolff and G.F. Meier’s practical philosophy, but focusing especially on its role in Kant’s lectures. First-time translations of elucidatory passages from the writings of Meier, Wolff, and Heinrich Köhler appear together with the relevant transcriptions of Kant’s lectures on ethics.

Based on a thorough knowledge of the original text, Hymers' clear translation and supporting material makes it possible to distinguish Kant’s own remarks and insights from his attempts to expound and summarize Baumgarten’s ideas. This is a much-needed contribution for anyone working in the history of modern philosophy.

Kant was long alone at the University of Königsberg in using Baumgarten’s Philosophical Ethics for teaching. With the first modern translation of this textbook, John Hymers meets the highest editorial standards. His volume will be groundbreaking for further research, as it provides a unique insight into the genesis and context of Kant's moral philosophy. * Clemens Schwaiger, Professor of Philosophy, Catholic University of Applied Sciences Munich, Germany *
Kant did not write about ethical duties in a vacuum, and now students and scholars can see his most used source for themselves with this excellent translation. Kant’s lectures on ethics can best be understood by holding open this book as Kant himself did in the classroom. * Frederick Rauscher, Professor of Philosophy, Michigan State University, USA *
An incredibly rich resource for anyone interested in eighteenth-century ethics in general and Kant’s practical philosophy in particular — highly recommended! * Jens Timmermann, Professor of Moral Philosophy, The University of St Andrews, UK *

Alexander Baumgarten (1714-1762) was among the first to teach the controversial philosophy of Christian Wolff (1679-1754). By order of the king, he moved to Frankfurt on the Oder in 1739, where he remained until his death in 1762. His most influential philosophical works are Metaphysics (1739), Philosophical Ethics (1740) and Aesthetics (2 Vols, 1750 and 1757). Today Baumgarten is also regarded as a central founder of modern aesthetics.

John Hymers is Associate Professor of Philosophy at La Salle University, USA. He is the co-editor and translator of Metaphysics: A Critical Translation (Bloomsbury, 2012), Preparation for Natural Theology (Bloomsbury, 2016) and Baumgarten's Elements of First Practical Philosophy (Bloomsbury, 2020).