The ‘celebrated’ Catharine Macaulay was both lauded and execrated during the eighteenth century for her republican politics and her unconventional, second marriage. This comprehensive biography in the 'life and letters' tradition situates her works in their political and social contexts and offers an unprecedented, detailed account of the content and influence of her writing, the arguments she developed in her eight-volume history of England and her other political, ethical, and educational works. Her disagreements with conservative opponents, David Hume, Edmund Burke, and Samuel Johnson are developed in detail, as is her influence on more progressive admirers such as Thomas Jefferson, Jacques-Pierre Brissot, Mercy Otis Warren, and Mary Wollstonecraft.

Macaulay emerges as a coherent and influential political voice, whose attitudes and aspirations were characteristic of those enlightenment republicans who grounded their progressive politics in rational religion. She looked back to the seventeenth-century levellers and parliamentarians as important precursors who had advocated the liberty and political rights she aspired to see implemented in Great Britain, America, and France. Her defence of republican liberty and the equal rights of men offers an important corrective to some contemporary accounts of the character and origins of democratic republicanism during this crucial period.

Karen Green is Associate Lecturer and Principal Research Fellow at the University of Melbourne. In 1995 she published The Woman of Reason: Feminism, Humanism and Political Thought; in 2009, with Jacqueline Broad, A History of Women’s Political Thought in Europe, 1400–1700; and in 2014, A History of Women’s Political Thought in Europe, 1700–1800. She is the editor of The Correspondence of Catharine Macaulay (2019) and author of many articles in philosophy, feminism, and political theory.