In entries such as Jane Addams and the Settlement House Movement, Booker T. Washington and Black Self-Help, and Betty Friedan and the National Organization for Women, this dictionary provides in-depth examination of major American reformers and the movements they defined. With coverage extending from the early republic to today, the book considers abolitionism, women's rights, temperance, the social gospel, birth control, pacifism, civil rights, environmentalism, consumerism, and other controversial movements. Each entry combines biography with historical analysis to show the historical context and character of the movement and person. Individually, the entries provide modern, interpretive treatments of their subjects. Collectively, they reveal the direction and dynamics of American reform over two centuries.

Emphasizing social reform over civic reform, the book gives special attention to reformers and reforms that have significantly altered the social order. Written by prominent scholars, the entries show the importance of personality and historical context in reform movements and the relationship between particular reforms and the temperament of an age. With full-bodied biographies of the reformers and their movements, a time-line on American reform, up-to-date interpretations and bibliographies, and a wide range of subjects, this book provides the most comprehensive and cogent view of American reform and reformers anywhere. It also provides the fullest treatment to date of post-World War II reform activity and personalities.

RANDALL M. MILLER is Professor of History and Director of American Studies at Saint Joseph's University. He is the author or editor of 16 books, including the award-winning Dear Master: Letters of a Slave Family (1978, rev. ed., 1990) and, with John David Smith, the award-winning Dictionary of Afro-American Slavery (Greenwood, 1988).

PAUL A. CIMBALA is Associate Professor of History at Fordham University. He has published articles on slavery and Reconstruction and is completing a study of the Freedmen's Bureau and Reconstruction in Georgia. He is also working on a book on black musicians in the 19th-century rural South.