In common understanding, but also in scholarly discourse, ritual has been long viewed as an undisputed and indisputable part of (especially religious) tradition, performed over and over in the same ways: stable in form, meaningless, preconcieved, and with the aim of creating harmony and enabling a tradition's survival. The authors represented in this collection argue, however, that these assumptions can be seriously challenged. Not only are rituals frequently disputed, they also constitute a field in which vital and sometimes even violent negotiations take place. Negotiations - here understood as processes of interaction during which differing positions are debated and/or acted out - are ubiquitous in ritual contexts, either in relation to the ritual itself, or in relation to the realm beyond any given ritual performance. The authors contend that a central feature of ritual is its embeddedness in negotiation processes and that life beyond the ritual frame often is negotiated in the field of rituals. This point of view opens up fruitful new perspectives on ritual procedures, on the interactions that constitute these procedures, and on the contexts in which they are embedded. By explicitly addressing and theorizing the relevance of negotiation in the world of ritual, the essays in this volume seek to persuade scholars and students alike to think differently and to find new starting points for more nuanced discussions.

So far no works have exclusively analyzed the interrelationship between ritual and notions of negotiation although negotiation and rituals are inextricably interlinked, as this array of superbly researched and lucidly written articles shows. The book does nothing less than demonstrate that rituals are indispensable in situations of crisis and conflict. It is based on the mature debate on the performativity of ritual, and reflections on culture as process and negotiation. This scholarly yet readable book will undoubtedly become a welcome resource and reference book for students, teachers, and scholars alike. -- Axel Michaels, author of Siva in Trouble

UH: Professor of Sanskrit, University of Oslo and co-editor of the Oxford Ritual Studies series; FN: Assistant Professor of Religion, Universität Bern