The controversy over the use of primates in research continues. We have all benefited from the medical discoveries, yet we have also learned more in recent years about the real intelligence of apes and monkeys, and animal rights activists have uncovered widespread cases of animal cruelty by researchers. This study examines the often caustic debate over the use of primates in scientific research. The author interviews researchers forced to conduct their work behind barbed wire and alarm systems; and animal rights activists in groups ranging from the moderate AWI Institute to the highly radical ALF. Also studied are some of the remarkable chimpanzees on which this bitter feud centres.