4D Printing: Fundamentals and Applications explores both autonomic and non-autonomic systems with different stimulus such as temperature, current, moisture, light and sound. In addition, the fifth dimensional aspect using more than one stimulus is outlined for additive manufacturing processes. The book presents both an introduction to the basic understanding of hybrid processes and explores the physics behind the process (in the form of derivation and numerical problems). For the field engineer, applicable codes and standards for each hybrid process are provided. Lastly, case studies are included in each section to provide the reader with a model to explore future research directions.

Dr. Rupinder Singh is currently Professor and Head of the Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technical Teacher Training and Research, Chandigarh. He received a Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from the Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Patiala. His research interests are additive manufacturing, composite filament processing, rapid tooling, metal casting and plastic solid waste management